Gathering brings in the raw goods. Refining makes the common materials from them, and refining a common one again with an additive makes the uncommon ones. Production takes them from there.
Uncommon cloth, refined from Spool of Cotton Thread with Suet by Textiles at level 30 (recipe).
One Spool of Fustian Thread takes 8 Raw Cotton, 1 Suet, and 8 Wax.
Refined further into:
Production takes it, or its forms, in 101 Tailoring, 20 Carpentry, 28 Blacksmithing, and 1 Alchemy recipes.
What it adds to gear parts made from it: